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Red blood cells (also called erythrocytes) serve two important functions. With the help of an iron-containing protein called hemoglobin, they carry oxygen from the lungs to cells in all parts of the body. Oxygen helps cells obtain energy from the nutrients we eat. RBC's also take carbon dioxide back to the lungs from the cells; carbon dioxide is released as a waste product of cell processes. Too few RBC's or too little hemoglobin is a condition known as anemia. It can cause weakness, lack of energy, dizziness, shortness of breath, headache, and irritability.