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Althou there has been improvements in minimally invasive Cardiac Surgery, some of these improvements are a trade off for safety risks. Making circuits too small and adding vacuum suction to assist in drainage increases Microbubbles and Microemboli which end up systemic in the patient.
Two papers of interest about the risks associated with improvements.
Rodriguez RA, Williams KA, Babaev A, Rubens F, Nathan HJ. Effect of perfusionist technique on cerebral embolization during cardiopulmonary bypass. Perfusion 2005 Jan;20(1):3-10.
Norman MJ, Sistino JJ, Acsell JR. The effectiveness of low-prime cardiopulmonary bypass circuits at removing gaseous emboli. J Extra Corpor Technol 2004 Dec;36(4):336-42.
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Keith A. Samolyk CCP, LCP
Global Blood Resources LLC
P.O. Box 383 Somers CT. 06071
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